Back-pedaling brake.



I s COPELAND BACK PEDAL lN'G BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED .IUNEZS. 1897.

1 @M 1 3? v Patented July 24, 1917.

Maw z tudinal section on enlarged scale,

JAMES S. COEELAND,

0F HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT,

; v; as Paar 'rrno.

Ill/IEN'I'S, TO THE NEW DEPARTURE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF BRISWE, "CON- NEGTICUT, A CORPORATION 0E CONNECTIQUT. I

n'ncn-rnnnnme BRAKE.

Specification of Iletters Patent.

' Patented July ea, real v.

A Application filed June 23, 1897. SeriaLNo. 641,977.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES S. Cornnenn, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in BacklPedaling Brakes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, whereby any one skilled in the art can make and use the same.

My invention relates to and is more particularly adapted for use in connection with the driving mechanism of bicycles and like vehicles in which a crank shaft is used in the power transmitting part of the vehicle, and the object of my invention is to provide means for applying a brake to retard the forward movementof the vehicle'whenever the crank shall be subjected to pressure in a reverse direction whilethe vehicle is movmg forward.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view'in side elevation illustrating part of the frame of a bicycle with my invention applied;

Fig. 2' is a detail view in central longithrough the crank shaft means of producing alateral movement of the crank shaft to. bring the brake into action and with parts broken away to show construction; and

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation of the end of the bracket washer.

In the accompanying drawings the letter a denotes a portion of the frame of a bicycle of the chainless type, in this case. one driven by a series of bevel gears and a connecting shaft. 1

A crank shaft bracket 6 supports the crank shaft 0, a sleeve a? being fitted upon the crank shaft which movement within the sleeve.

The sleeve is suitably supported for rotation in the bracket and for this purpose cones e e may be secured to the sleeve near its opposite ends and ball cases secured within the ends'of the bracket, balls 9 being interposed between the cases as usual.

A gear wheel it is fastened'to the sleeve d" bracket, illustrating the,

showing the form of the sure in thereverse has a limited lateral f f may. be.

secured thereto is provided the cones and and where it is heldagainst unscrewing'by means of a jam nut c'alsosecured to a threaded portion of the sleeve. By this means the sleeve and the gear wheel are firmly fastened together so that the sleeve 1n its turning movement upon its axis causes the gear wheelto turn and "a driving force applied to the gear wheel will cause the sleeve to turn with-it.

The -crank shaft and. the sleeve in the form of structure herein illustrated engage one another in such a manner as to permit a limited rotary movement of one with ateral movement of the parts .on each other. Any construction which includes an inclined or obliquely disposed shoulder on one part and a coiiperating projection or shoulder on the other part arranged to enable this result to be accomplished, will come within the scope of the invention, but I prefer the construction shown in the drawing, in

ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- respect to the other and also a: limited which the crank shaft has,- near the crank lc,

movement of the crank shaft upon the sleeve and in the line of its axis.

Whenv force is applied to the crank to drive the shaft in a direction which will impart a forward movement to the vehicle, as a bicycle, a shonlder at the base of this thread d formed preferably inner face of the crank arm it, strikes against the end of the sleeve and the shaft and sleeve rotate together. As soon as presdirection is applied to the crank, as by back pedaling, the for: ward movement of the vehicle will tend to continue the rotary movement of the gear wheel in the forward direction, and the result' is that the shaft unscrews and runs outward from the said threaded end of the sleeve.

llhe opposite end of the sleeve or a part with a nonmetallic' face or brake shoe Z andthe inner surface of the crank hub k is also preferably provided with a non-metallic bearing surface or brake shoe Z a loose washer on being rockably supported upon the shaft 0, between these two surfaces. When in inby thehu-b or active position the arms m m of the said washer or disk bear against screwbolts 'n.

The plate or washer m preferably has freedom for a slight lateral movement and the brake shoes Z and Z are adapted to press againstthe opposite faces of the plate when the lateral movement of the sleeve takes place as above referred to and in such manner as to retard the rotary movement of the sleeve and its connected gear wheel and consequently also to retard the forward connecting the outer end of the plate arm 011?, as by means of the rod 0, with a band brake 20 applied I wheel of the vehicle, a double brake action ment of the washer on applying the brake p and-the washer itself acting as a brake upon tlflr driving sleeve (1.

A-material feature of advantage of this construction with respect to the frictional brake orwasher m and its related parts is that the lateral movement of the crank shaft and the bringing into action of this frictional brake on does not'throw any strain upon the 7 balls .in a direction lengthwise of the axis of the crankshaft, this objectionable thrust upon the ball bearings being a defect in prior brakes ofthis class. Q P

, fhe plate m constitutes n efiect an-operating member for the brake on the hub of the drive wheel.

It will be noted that the direction of rotation or the angular movement of the brake operating member m in applyingxthe-brake, coincides with the direction of rotation of the drive wheel andvits hub; thus the for-' ward movement of the brake operating member and rod draws the free end of the flexible brake forward, whereby the pres--' sure on the free end of said brake in apply ing the brake, is exerted inthe direction of rotation of the wheel.

By this construction, the forward rotation of the wheel enhances the braking pressure of the brake applied thereto. The arrangement it will also be noted not only avoids the necessity of extending the connecting rod so as to cross the reach bar of the frame, but-b 'ings the said bar above the frame where it is out of the way and permits of a very compact and convenient assemblage.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination with theframeof a vehicle, a wheel mounted in the frame, a band hicle,

to the hub g of the rear is secured automatically, the rocking move-i brake 'operatively connected with the-wheel, a sleeve rotatably mounted in the frame, a shaft located within the sleeve to rotate therewith but having a longitudinal move- ,mentthereof, means for causing said longi? tudinal movement, means foncausingsimultaneous rotation of the shaft and sleeve, a rotatable washer inclosed between the shaft and sleeve to support the thrust of said parts in their longitudinal movement, and a rod connecting the hand brake and Washer.

2. In combination with'the frame of a vea'wheel mounted, in the frame, a band brake operatively connected with said Wheel,

rotating members adjacent to the crank shaft and bearing friction surfaces, means operated by backpedaling for causing one of the friction surfaces to approach the other, a loose part frictionally clamped betweensaid two members, and means connecting said loose part and the handbrake, all substantially as described.

3. In combination in a bicycle, a frame, a driving wheel, a band brake operatively connected with said driving wheel hub, a crank shaft mounted in a crank bracket on the frame, a loose member supported on the crank shaft, a rotary member, means opera'ted by back pedaling for frictionally engaging the loose member and rotary member, and a rod, connectin said loose member with the back of theban brake on they driving wheel, all substantially as described.

4'. The combination with the frame of a vehicle, a crank shaft and wheel hub mounted gin theframe, driving connections between the crank" shaft. and wheel hub, a'

brake for retarding the rotation of the crank shaft, a brake for retarding the rotation of the wheel hub, connections between said brakes whereby they (operatein unison, and

means controlled by the crank shaft for applying the brakes when back pressure is applied-"to the crank shaft.

a bicycle, -mdependent' crank shaft Tanddii've wheel hub, driving connections between the shaft and wheel hub, separate .b-rakes 'for said shaft and said wheel, connections between the brakes whereby they operate in ;'unison, and brake operating means interposed-in the driving connections.

hicle, a wheel supported in the frame, (ll-iving means supported on the frame, a friction brake appurtenant to the driving means, a brake appurtenant to the wheel, and connections with each of said brakes to operate them on the application of backward pressure to the crank shaft.

8. In combination with the frame of avehicle, a Wheel mounted in the frame, a brake supported in operative relation to the wheel, driving and braking means supported in the frame and including a movable member held in the frictional grasp of the driving and brake means, and a connecting rod connecting said movable member and the brake appurtenant to the wheel.

9. In combination with a vehicle frame having a bracket, a shaft and sleeve supported in the bracket and having independent lateral movement and opposing contact faces, a brake member interposed between the contact faces and having a free lateral and limited rotary movement, a wheel supported in'the frame, a brake appurtenant to said wheel, and connections between said brake member and the brake appurtenant to the wheel. 7

10. In combination with the frame of a vehicle, a wheel supported therein, a band brake appurtenant to said wheel, a crank shaft and a sleeve supported in theframe and having independent lateral movement and opposing contact faces, a brake member interposed between said contact faces and having a free lateral and limited rotary movement, and a connecting rod extending between the band brake and said! brake member.

11. In a vehicle brake, the combination of a driven member, a driving and brake member revolubly mounted with "respect to the drivenmember and adapted to move longitudinally with respect thereto, a co-acting brake surface, a supplemental brake, and. connections between the before mentioned threaded part connected to said driving pedals to move angularly therewith, a complementary threaded part separate'from said hub and operative between the same and said first-mentioned threaded part, whereby angular movement between said threaded parts effects relative lateral shifting between them, -means for operative driving connection between said complementary threaded part and said hub, and means for brake-operating connection between said complementary threaded part and said brake at said hub upon the above-indicated lateral shifting between said threaded parts into one of their lateral relationships; substantially as described.

13. In a vehicle brake, the combination of a driven member, a driving and brake mem ber revolubly mounted with respect to the driven member and adapted to move longitudinally with respect thereto, a yielding coacting brake surface, a supplemental brake, and connections between the yielding brake surface and the movable member of the supplemental brake.

JAMES s. COPELAND.

Witnesses:

HARRIE E. HART, HERMANN F. CUNTZ. 

